Analysis of Key Components of a Disc Granulator

As core equipment in the fertilizer and metallurgical industries, the performance of a disc granulator depends on the coordinated operation of five key components. The design and performance of each component directly determine granulation quality and efficiency. The disc body, the core granulation area, is constructed of 12-18mm thick stainless steel or wear-resistant carbon steel, with a specially treated inner wall to reduce sticking. The adjustable tilt angle of 35°-55° is crucial. A 45° angle is commonly used for organic fertilizer granulation. Improper tilt angles can lead to material accumulation or pellet slippage, affecting pelletization efficiency. The drive system, which provides power to the equipment, consists of a variable-frequency motor, a high-torque reducer, and a flexible coupling. The motor offers a variable speed range of 0-15 rpm. Excessive speed can lead to pellet breakage, while too slow speeds can reduce efficiency. The reducer ensures smooth operation at full load, while the coupling cushions startup shock and protects core components. The distributor, typically a spiral or star-shaped structure, is mounted above the disc. Its uniform rotation evenly distributes the material to the edges of the disc, preventing accumulation in the center. It adjusts the discharge rate according to the material, rotating slowly for light materials and quickly for heavy materials, maintaining a stable material layer thickness. The scraper mechanism consists of a scraper and a drive mechanism. The scraper adheres closely to the inner surface of the disc to remove residual material and prevent clumping. Ordinary carbon steel scrapers are used for soft materials, while high-manganese steel scrapers are used for hard materials. The gap between the scraper and the disc surface should be controlled within 1-3mm to ensure effective cleaning and minimize wear. The disc granulator's water spray system is simple but crucial. Multiple atomizing nozzles are controlled by solenoid valves to maintain material moisture within the optimal range of 15%-25%. A filter device, which is regularly cleaned, prevents nozzle clogging and uneven drying of the material. During routine maintenance, focus on checking the drive system oil level, scraper wear, and nozzle patency to ensure the continued stable operation of these critical components and the efficient operation of the disc granulator machine.